![]() The themes are discussed with provisions for clinical practice, policy, and further research. It explores how trauma continues to live on, manifests, and metabolizes the pain and suffering along with ways to cope and spaces to navigate in the world. ![]() The data offer insights into the lived experiences and meaning making of both affected generations. The superordinate themes include the integral role of silence, the absence and desire for affection, and the contested spaces with multiple realities. Data analysis yielded six themes of silence and disclosure, multiple traumas as part of daily life, SGVAs’ lived experience, first-generation Vietnamese Americans’ (FGVA) parenting shaped by culture and war, meaning-making of their family’s experience, and SGVAs’ multiple parenting strategies. Eleven participants (8 mothers and 3 fathers) were recruited through a purposive sampling method and were interviewed for an hour to two hours through a semi-structured questionnaire. They still bear the mental and physical scars and so do their descendants. I employ interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as the primary inquiry method to explore SGVAs’ perceptions of parental trauma’s effect on parenting. They survived the Vietnam War and the Khmer Rouge genocide. This study sought to further explore the effects of intergenerational trauma through the second-generation Vietnamese American’s (SGVA) perspective. Intergenerational trauma is manifest amongst Southeast Asian refugees of the Vietnam-American war a conflict that accounted for three million Vietnamese deaths and more than two million Laotian and Cambodian deaths. A small number of studies have begun to examine intergenerational trauma among Southeast Asian American refugee and immigrant families, including Vietnamese American families. The prevalence of PTSD in Australian Vietnam Veterans has been reported as 20-30.14,15,17 Combat exposure also increases the risk of a number of other physical and psychological conditions in Vietnam Veterans,13-15 in particular heart disease and circulatory disease and arthritis,15 alcohol use disorder, dysthymia and other disorders.14 PTSD. Little Dog confronts the lasting effects of such trauma, including the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Rose lives with after the war. These families in exile endure numerous adverse mental health effects during mass conflicts as well as after resettlement in the host country, affecting the individual and their family members and reverberating to generations. The introductory essay of Part 1 noted the pernicious effects of intergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT) that have affected numerous communities across cultures. There are presently nearly 26 million refugees who have been forcibly removed from their homes as a result of war, mass violence, and political instability. This is Part 2 of the Special Issue on Multicultural Perspectives of Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma.
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